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First Aid Measures for Hazardous Chemicals
Posted Date:2020/12/4
The function of the fourth part of the first aid measures in the SDS is to explain the initial care that can be provided by untrained emergency personnel without the use of sophisticated equipment and without a variety of drugs to choose from.
These include emergency treatment methods after inhalation, skin contact, eye contact, and accidental ingestion.
1. Inhalation:
For people who are poisoned by inhalation of harmful gases, immediately remove the patient from the infected area, move to a place with fresh air, remove foreign objects in the patient’s mouth and nose, untie clothing, and keep warm. In severe cases, perform oxygen or artificial respiration. For people with CO and H2S poisoning, add 5% CO2 to pure oxygen to stimulate the respiratory center and enhance the breathing capacity of the lungs; for people with SO2 and NO2 poisoning, avoid irritating the patient’s lungs during artificial respiration and observe whether there is pulmonary edema.
2. Skin contact:
If the skin or pancreas is contaminated by contact poisoning, immediately leave the source of the poison, remove the poisoned person’s personal equipment, take off the contaminated clothing, and rinse the body surface with clean water. Alkaline poisoning can be washed with acetic acid or 1%-2% (mass fraction, the same below) dilute hydrochloric acid and acidic juice; if it is aldehyde poisoning, it can be washed with lime water, baking soda water, and soapy water.
3. Eye contact:
If the eyes contain poisons, rinse them quickly with saline or water for 5-10 minutes. Acid poisons are washed with 2% sodium bicarbonate solution, and alkaline poisonings are washed with 3% boric acid solution. When there is no liquid, rinse with lukewarm water.
4. Ingestion:
For people with food poisoning, vomiting, gastric lavage, catharsis and other methods are used to eliminate the poison. Fingers, feathers, chopsticks, and tongue depressors can be used to touch the patient's pharynx to make the poison vomit out. But people with strong acid and alkali poisoning or those who are unconscious are not allowed to use this method.
Some common chemical substances have specific emergency treatment methods, such as:
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Name
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Hazards approach
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On-site first aid methods
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Ammonia
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Inhale
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Rescue personnel must wear air breathing apparatus and anti-static clothing (or cotton clothing) to enter the scene. If you don't have a respirator, you can cover your nose and mouth with a towel soaked in water (or dilute vinegar) to enter the scene for a short time. Quickly move the poisoned person to a place with fresh air upwind.
If the poisoned breathing and heartbeat stop, cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be carried out immediately; if the poisoned person has rapid breathing and weak pulse, artificial respiration should be performed (if the dentures are removed), oxygen should be given.
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Skin and eye contact
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Take off the contaminated clothing quickly, and rinse the contaminated skin and eyes with plenty of running water (lift the eyelids and rinse thoroughly) for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention as soon as possible.
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Aniline
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Skin contact
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Aniline can cause methemoglobinemia and is also a strong hemolytic substance. But the volatility is not high. Aniline is easily absorbed through the skin. Skin contamination should be rinsed immediately with plenty of water, intravenous injection is possible.
1. 50% grape grain solution 40-60ml (with 0.5-1g vitamin C)
2. 1-2g of Methylene Blue Grape Food Solution (slow injection) seek medical attention as soon as possible.
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Ingestion
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Immediately stimulate the throat with fingers to induce vomiting, in order to vomit aniline completely, you can stimulate the throat to induce vomiting after drinking water. If site conditions permit, intravenous injection:
1. 40-60ml 50% grape grain solution (with 0.5-1g vitamin C)
2. 1-2g Methylene Blue Grape Food Solution (slow injection) seek medical attention as soon as possible.
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Nitrogen oxides
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Inhale
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Rescue personnel must wear air breathing apparatus to enter the scene. If you do not have a respirator, you can use a towel soaked in a dilute solution of baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) to cover your mouth and nose and enter the scene for a short time.
Quickly move all poisoning to a place with fresh air upwind.
Note: Keep the poisoned person's breathing unobstructed. If they have dentures, they must be removed. Oxygen should be given and inhaled if necessary. If the person on the route has rapid breathing and weak pulse, artificial respiration should be performed, oxygen inhalation, and intramuscular injection of 0.5-1.0g of the respiratory stimulant nixamil.
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Skin and eye contact
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Quickly remove contaminated clothing, and use a lot of running water to contaminate the skin and eyes (lift the eyelids) for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention as soon as possible.
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